 | № 1 (84) 2010Аннотация
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
4 марта 2010 года исполнилось 90 лет со дня создания Северной научно-промысловой экспедиции, прямым наследником которой стал Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт (ААНИИ). Только что завершился Международный полярный год (МПГ) 2007/08, и сегодня ученые многих стран подводят итоги этого поистине значимого события в изучении полярных регионов Земли. В этом году исполняется 100 лет со дня рождения Евгения Константиновича Федорова – геофизика, известного полярного исследователя, академика АН СССР, много лет возглавлявшего Гидрометслужбу СССР. В 1939 г. он возглавил наш институт и за короткое время провел реорганизацию его структуры. Именно в это время институт получил новое название – Арктический научно-исследовательский институт. В статьях этого и последующего юбилейного сборника «Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики» публикуются материалы об основных этапах деятельности института, о первых результатах МПГ 2007/08, о современном состоянии и развитии работ гидрометеорологического профиля в Арктике и Антарктике. В целом содержание двух сборников (выпуски № 1 и № 2, 2010 г.) дает достаточно полное представление о деятельности Государственного научного центра Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт за 90 лет его существования.
Редколлегия
Содержание
| А.О.Андреев, М.В.Дукальская, С.В.Фролов. Страницы истории ААНИИ (.pdf) | 7 | | А.Н.Чилингаров, А.И.Бедрицкий, И.Е.Фролов, А.И.Данилов, В.Г.Дмитриев, А.В.Клепиков. Результаты МПГ 2007/08 и их развитие (.pdf) | 26 | | А.И.Данилов, В.Г.Дмитриев, И.Е.Фролов. Развитие работ и исследований
в Арктике в области гидрометеорологической безопасности (.pdf) | 42 | | В.В.Лукин, А.В.Клепиков, А.А.Быстрамович. Россия в Антарктике:
современное состояние и перспективы (.pdf) | 53 | | Г.В.Алексеев, В.Ф.Радионов, Е.И.Александров, Н.Е.Иванов, Н.Е.Харланенкова.
Климатические изменения в Арктике и северной полярной области (.pdf) | 67 | | Н.Ф.Благовещенская. Комплексные исследования эффектов воздействия
мощных КВ радиоволн на высокоширотную ионосферу:
итоги и перспективы (.pdf) | 81 | | И.М.Ашик, С.А.Кириллов, А.П.Макштас, В.Н.Смирнов, В.Т.Соколов, Л.А.Тимохов. Основные результаты морских исследований Арктики в ХХI веке (.pdf) | 100 | | Л.М.Саватюгин, М.А.Преображенская. Евгений Константинович Федоров
(к 100 летию со дня рождения) (.pdf) | 116 |
Annotation
INTRODUCTION
March 4, 2010 is 90th anniversary of the establishment of Northern Science and Commercial Expedition which heir Arctic and Antarctic research institute (AARI) has become. International polar year 2007/08 has just finished; scientists of many countries summarize works undertaken in the scope of this event, significant for study of polar regions of Earth. This year is 100th anniversary of Eugeny Konstantinovitch Fyodorov’s birth, specialist in geophysics, famous polar researcher and member of Academy of Sciences of USSR, who was leading Hydrometeorological Service of USSR for many years. In 1939, he became a head of our institute, reorganized it during short period of time and gave it new name Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. This collected volume of «Problems of Arctic and Antarctic» and the next, anniversary one contain materials about main phases of the institute activity, first results of the International Polar Year 2007/08 and the current state of hydrometeorological activity in the Arctic and the Antarctic. On the whole, both volumes provide insight into works of the state Scientific Center Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute for 90 years.
Editorial board
Table of contents
| A.O.Andreev, M.V.Dukalskaya, S.V.Frolov. Chapters in the AARI’s history | 7 | | 22 января 2010 г The article presents a brief overview of the 90-year history of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute – the main center of Russian polar research. Keywords: history of the polar research, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), North Expedition.
| | A.N.Chilingarov, A.I.Bedritsky, I.E.Frolov, A.I.Danilov, V.G.Dmitriev, A.V.Klepikov.
The results of the IPY 2007/08 and their development | 26 | | 1 февраля 2010 г. IPY 2007/08 is a large-scale international scientific experiment, which includes studies coordinated in time, space and methodology, to collect and analyze the data on the current state of the environment in key areas of the Earth’s polar regions. The active phase of IPY was held from March 1, 2007 to March 1, 2009. During the period of IPY 159 expeditions in the land and ocean parts of Russian Arctic and Antarctic were launched. The most intensive studies were held in the coastal Arctic seas and in the high latitude zone of the Arctic Ocean. The article describes the history of the IPY process, preparation and implementation of the IPY projects in Russia, and the main scientific results of Russian IPY studies. Keywords: Antarctic, Arctic, climate, Arctic Ocean.
| | A.I.Danilov, V.G.Dmitriev, I.E.Frolov. Development of the Arctic science
investigations and other activities for environmental protection | 42 | | 1 февраля 2010 г. The basic directions of the Arctic future science studies and other activities for environmental protection are presented. This based on the analysis of main Russian official documents and on the priorities of Russian Arctic sustainable development. The view of perspective works includes development of technologies, methods and models of maintenance of hydrometeorological safety in Arctic regions, development and modernization of a land and sea infrastructure of scientific studies in Arctic regions, including the Arctic Ocean and, especially, at the high-altitude part of Arctic on the base of functioning of science centres and observatories. The system of a scientific assessment of acceptance of economic, technological and technical decisions on the base of knowledge of a conditions and changes of an environment and a climate of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and Arctic regions as a whole should also be developed. Article is intended on a wide range of readers. Key words: Arctic, environmental protection, science investigations, basic directions.
| | V.V. Lukin, A.V.Klepikov, A.A.Bystramovich. Russia in the Antarctic:
present state and future trends | 53 | | 2 февраля 2010 г. A brief history, current state and future of Russian Antarctic studies are presented. Russian Antarctic infrastructure is described. A summary of government regulations, legal documents governing the activity of permanent Russian Antarctic expedition is presented. The structure of the draft Federal Law «On regulation of Russian citizens and legal entities in the Antarctic» is considered. The draft Strategy of Russia in the Antarctic is discussed. The main scientific results obtained during the implementation of the subprogram «Study and research of the Antarctic» of Federal Targeted Program «World Ocean» are described. Keywords: Antarctica, climate, RAE, Strategy, Federal Law.
| | G.V.Alekseev, V.F.Radionov, E.I.Aleksandrov, N.E.Ivanov, N.E.Kharlanenkova.
Climate change in the Arctic and the Northern polar region | 67 | | 1 февраля 2010 г. It is analyzed the change of representative climatic parameters of the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the Arctic and the Northern polar region for the period of instrumental observation up to 2009. Data from IPY 2007/08 is used also. Arctic climate change is compared with change in other regions and with results from the global climate models. Key words: Climate Changes, Nothern Polar Region, Arctic, Arctic Ocean, IPY 2007/08.
| | N.F.Blagoveshchenskaya. Multi-instrumental studies of phenomena in the high latitudinal ionosphere initiated by powerful HF radio waves: results and outlook | 81 | | 5 февраля 2010 г. Results from multi-instrument HF modification experiments carried out by AARI scientists in 2009 during solar activity minimum with using EISCAT technical facilities are presented. The spatial structure of artificially modified ionospheric F region was investigated. Phenomena in the F region of ionosphere, when the HF heater frequency was near the third electron gyro harmonic frequency, were examined in detail. The excitation of intense small-scale artificial field-aligned irregularities, when the powerful HF radio wave with X-mode polarization was injected into F region of ionosphere at frequency near the extraordinary critical frequency, was found for the first time. The HF heater-induced ion outflows accompanied by strong increase of electron temperature and plasma thermal expansion in a wide altitude range from 180 to 500 km, were found under continuous action of powerful HF radio wave with O-mode of polarization in evening hours. The simultaneous increase of O+ ion density was detected from the DMSP F15 satellite observations at altitude of about 850 km. Keywords: high latitudinal ionosphere, powerful HF radio wave, modification, stimulated electromagnetic emission, artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities.
| | I.M.Ashik, S.A.Kirillov, A.P.Makshtas, V.N.Smirnov, V.T.Sokolov, L.A.Timokhov.
The major results of the sea-going Arctic expeditions in the beginning of XXI century | 100 | | 20 января 2010 г. This paper briefly reviews the general information on Russian marine expedition researches during IPY 2007/08 in the Arctic and the major results obtained in these cruises. The authors speculate about the possible factors that are responsible for the forming of sizable anomalies in thermohaline structure both in the surface and intermediate layers. Except the oceanographic results, this paper also reviews the results of observation at the ice-drifting station North Pole including ice-physics, atmospheric researches and the surface heat balance. Keywords: International Polar Year, Arctic Ocean, marine expedition, thermohaline conditions, water temperature, water salinity, physics of ice, dynamic processes into ice cover, physics of atmosphere, heat balance.
| | L.M.Savatyugin, М.А.Preobraghenskaya. Evgeny Constantinovich Fyodorov. (In honor of 100th birthday anniversary) | 116 | | |
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