 | № 4 (106) 2015 Содержание
| В.Ф. Радионов, Д.М.Кабанов, В.В. Полькин, Д.Е. Савкин, С.М. Сакерин, Е.Е. Сибир.
Изменения характеристик аэрозольного и газового состава атмосферы
на маршрутах НЭС «Академик Федоров» и «Академик Трёшников»
в период 59-й РАЭ (ноябрь 2013 – май 2014 гг.) (.pdf) | 5 | | А.А. Екайкин, В.А. Заровчатский, В.Я. Липенков. Измерение скорости
сублимации снега на станции Восток, Центральная Антарктида (.pdf) | 20 | | С.Н. Зацепа, Н.А. Дианский, В.И. Журавель, А.А. Ивченко, К.А. Коротенко,
В.В. Солбаков, В.В. Становой, В.В. Фомин. Моделирование разливов нефти
в море для планирования мероприятий по обеспечению экологической
безопасности при реализации нефтегазовых проектов. Часть 1. Методология (.pdf) | 26 | | Н.Н. Брязгин. Корректировка месячных сумм твердых осадков
для климатических исследований в Арктике (.pdf) | 39 | | М.П. Андреев, Л.Е. Курбатова, В.И. Дорофеев, А.Ю. Иванов. Заносные растения
на российских антарктических научных станциях (.pdf) | 44 | | С.В. Попов, С.П. Поляков. Результаты гляцио-георадарных опытно-методических работ на морском льду в районе антарктической полевой базы Молодежная
в сезон 60-й РАЭ (2014/15 г.) (.pdf) | 54 | | Л.А. Тимохов, И.В. Поляков, И.Е. Фролов, Х. Кассенс, В.Ю. Карпий, Н.В. Лебедев.
Климатические изменения содержания пресных вод в Северном Ледовитом
океане и их причины (.pdf) | 63 | | К.Б. Чихачев, В.Я Липенков. Опыт моделирования нестационарного процесса уплотнения снежно-фирновых отложений в холодной рекристаллизационной
зоне льдообразования (.pdf) | 76 | | П.В. Богородский, А.П. Макштас, В.Ю. Кустов, А.С. Грубый, В.В. Мовчан.
Динамика сезонного протаивания вечной мерзлоты в районе
Гидрометеорологической обсерватории Тикси (.pdf) | 88 | | А.В. Клепиков, М.Д. Ананичева, Е.В. Антонов. О реализации проекта
«Действия по адаптации к меняющейся Арктике» для района
морей Берингова, Чукотского и Бофорта (.pdf) | 99 | | С.Р. Веркулич, З.В. Пушина, М.В. Дорожкина, М. Меллес, Ж. Ретемейер.
Характеристика природных условий формирования отложений интерстадиала (МИС 3) острова Кинг Джордж (Западная Антарктика)
на основе изучения ископаемых диатомовых комплексов (.pdf) | 109 | | Николаю Николаевичу Брязгину — 90! (.pdf) | 120 |
Table of contents
| V.F. Radionov, D.M. Kabanov, V.V. Polkin, D.E. Savkin, S.M. Sakerin, E.E. Sibir. Variability of characteristics of aerosol and gas composition of the atmosphere
along the routes of RVS “Akademik Fedorov” and “Akademik Treshnikov”
in period of 59th Russian Antarctic expedition | 5 | | Measurements of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere, performed onboard RVs “Akademik Fedorov” and “Akademik Treshnikov” during 59th RAE, are discussed. For separate latitudinal zones in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans we presented the average characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth, concentrations of aerosol and black carbon particles in the near-ground layer, total ozone content, as well as the concentrations of minor gas constituents of the atmosphere. We compare the results obtained on the forward and backward routes of RV “Akademik Treshnikov” with the data from previous expeditions. Keywords: aerosol, aerosol optical depth, trace gases, spatial distribution.
| | A.A. Ekaykin, V.A. Zarovchatskiy, V.Ya. Lipenkov. Measurements
of snow sublimation rate at Vostok station (Antarctica) | 20 | | During 5 summer seasons and 2 winters of Russian Antarctic Expedition at Vostok Station (Antarctica), 2011–2015. Direct measurements of snow sublimation were conducted. We established that the sublimation rate depends on two parameters: surface air temperature and wind speed. During the cold period of year (March–October with the average day air temperature below –45 °C) the sublimation rate is near zero, or even condensation of water vapor on the snow surface occurs (in total up to 0.2 mm w.e.). The total sublimation during the warm period of year (November – February) is about 2.3 mm w.e. However, this value does not take into account the sublimation of the snow particles during the wind-driven snow transport. With this factor, total sublimation could be 4–5 mm w.e. Taking into account the present-day snow accumulation rate at Vostok, 23 mm w.e./year, there was estimated the annual precipitation amount in this area is about 25–28 mm w.e. Keywords: Antarctica, snow accumulation, snow cover, sublimation rate.
| | S.N. Zatsepa, N.F. Diansky, V.I. Zhuravel, A.A. Ivchenko, K.A. Korotenko,V.V. Solbakov,
V.V. Stanovoy, V.V. Fomin. Simulation of oil spills in the sea for planning measures
to ensure environmental safety in oil and gas projects. Part I. Methodology | 26 | | In the first part of the paper, the problem of oil spills forecasting and hindcasting support with hydrometeorological information, models and methods is discussed. The issue is considered in the context of the applied problems – oil spills response planning, analysis of cumulative environmental benefits, the environment impact assessment. A new approach for evaluation of oil spill potential impact risk zones is proposed, as coastal sections and vulnerable regions possible impact probabilities. Keywords: Mathematical modeling, oil spills in sea, oil spill response plans, analysis of total environmental benefits, environmental impact assessment.
| | N.N. Bryazgin. Method of correction of monthly totals of solid precipitation
in the Arctic for climatic investigations | 39 | | The method of correction of monthly solid precipitation totals at Arctic meteorological stations is described. It provides a satisfactory accuracy of determination of climatic parameters of temporal precipitation variability. Keywords: Precipitation, correction, monthly total, variability.
| | M.P. Andreev, L.E. Kurbatova, V.I. Dorofeev, A.Yu. Ivanov. Alien plants on the Russian Antarctic scientific stations | 44 | | Bringing events of the vascular plants on the Antarctic continent are discussed. In general 12 species of vascular plants, which belong to the 7 families, were observed on the territories of the Russian stations Bellingshausen, Progress and Novolazarevskaya in 2005–2015. Appearance of alien plants in the coastal oaseses of Antarctic continent is conditional on the increasing intensity of visiting the Antarctic by humans. The dangerous of the alien plants for the aborigine flora is insignificant. Keywords: Antarctic, Antarctic stations, alien plants, flora, vegetation, ecology, climate, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Plantaginaceae.
| | S.V. Popov, S.P. Poljakov. Results of the glaciological and GPR tests on the sea ice
in the region of Molodezhnaya Antarctic field base in the 60-th RAE (2014/15) | 54 | | Main results of the glaciological and GPR tests on the marine ice not far from the Russian field base Molodezhnaya are discussed in this paper. Radio-echo sounding was carried out on the frequency of 900 MHz. The methodic of joint glaciological and GPR investigations has been formed. It was found out the 900 MHz GPR is suitable to investigate the marine ice in spite of the height frequency. Geophysical section along one profile formed on GPR and the ice core data is discussed in the paper. Keywords: GPR technique, marine ice, Antarctica, processing of GPR data, ice core drilling.
| | L.A. Timokhov, I.V. Polyakov, I.E. Frolov, H. Kassens, V.Yu. Karpiy, N.V. Lebedev. Climate change of fresh water content in the Arctic ocean and their causes | 63 | | Based on oceanographic observations the analysis of climatic changes of the annual and seasonal of fresh waters content (FWC) for five decades (1950–1959) – (2000–2009) in the Arctic basin and Arctic seas is made. Estimates of a contribution of change of salinity and volume of waters with salinity less than 34,8 ‰ are given to change of the general content of fresh waters. The associatively of FWC changes in various parts of the Arctic Ocean for the winter and summer periods and the reason of FWC change is established. The mechanism of influence of the dominating external and internal factors on climatic variations of the fresh water content in deep-water and shelf parts of the Arctic Ocean is discussed. Keywords: Arctic Ocean, the fresh water content, climatic changes, the impact of external and internal factors on the fresh water content.
| | K.B. Tchikhatchev, V.Ya. Lipenkov. On modeling the non-stationary process
of snow-firn densification in the polar ice sheet | 76 | | By combining the existing models of densification and heat diffusion in the snow-firn sediments, we have constructed a numerical solution to the problem of simulating the non-stationary process of snow-firn densification under changing climate conditions on the polar ice sheets. The numerical experiments have allowed us to investigate the shape and degree of the response of the density profiles at different depths to changes in the ice formation conditions such as temperature, accumulation rate, and surface snow temperature. These experiments have shown that it is theoretically possible to reconstruct past changes in temperature and accumulation based on the shape of the measured density profiles. We also attempted to take into account the stratigraphic heterogeneity of the firn when modeling its densification, and finally we drew up a plan to address this difficult issue. Keywords: climate change, ice core, ice formation, modeling, densification, snow-firn stratum.
| | P.V. Bogorodsky, A.P. Makshtas, V.Yu. Kustov, A.S. Gruby, V.V. Movchan.
The dynamics of seasonal permafrost thawing near Tiksi
Hydrometeorological Observatory | 88 | | The data of five years measurements of the active soil layer, started in autumn 2009 at the polar station Tiksi are presented. The features of thermal structure are described and causes of its possible evolution are analyzed. The experimental data are supplemented with estimates of long-term dynamics of the depth of seasonal thawing, calculated on the basis of long-term meteorological observations using a variant of the Kudryavtsev’s model. Keywords: permafrost, active soil layer, thermal regime, measurements, modeling, vegetation, snow cover.
| | A.V. Klepikov, M.D. Ananicheva, E.V. Antonov. On implementation of the project “Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic” for the Bering, Chukchi
and Beaufort region | 99 | | The article provides information about the project of the Arctic Council’s Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic and its implementation for the area of the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, which includes the surrounding land areas, including the Chukotka Peninsula. The preliminary results of the study of glaciers in the region, as well as the results of studying the socio-economic situation in the Chukotka Autonomous District are briefly presented. Keywords: Arctic, Arctic Council, climate, Chukotka, Chukotka Autonomous District, demography, economy, glaciers, infrastructure, precipitation, temperature.
| | S.R. Verkulich, Z.V. Pushina, M.V. Dorozhkina, M. Melles, J. Rethemeyer.
Characterization of environmental conditions of the interstadial (MIS 3)
deposits formation in King George Island (West Antarctica) based on the study
of fossil diatom assemblages | 109 | | The results of the interstadial (MIS3) deposits study in King George Island (West Antarctica) are presented. The C14 dating and detailed diatom research allowed definition of age and paleoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. The deposits accumulation took place in shallow, relatively cold water marine basin. Keywords: King George Island, marine deposits, radiocarbon dating, diatom analysis, interstadial, paleogeographic reconstruction.
| | Nikolay Nikolaevitch Bryazgin is 90! | 120 | | |
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